DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v28i3.283

Keywords: Biomolecule, biochemical techniques, spectroscopy, drug discovery, Omics technology

Abstract

In biochemical research methodologies, modern science has advanced greatly, which allows for the in-depth analysis of biological substances and processes. In this review, an overview of the development and current trends in biochemical techniques is provided. Various molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gene cloning, and CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) systems; imaging techniques like microscopy; protein and enzyme analysis methods like SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and Western blotting; and analytical techniques like chromatography and spectroscopy, are very important categories. Recent developments emphasize cryo-electron microscopy, high-throughput screening, and single-molecule analysis. This review also examines the applications in environmental science for bioremediation, agriculture for genetic engineering and biofertilizers, healthcare for medication discovery and customized medicine, and nanotechnology for the manufacture of nanoparticles. To improve the biochemical techniques, future trends anticipate the combination of AI, machine learning, and interdisciplinary methodologies. The review emphasizes how crucial it is to keep biochemical approaches up to date to effectively address the global concerns.