DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v28i3.70

Keywords: Hydrogen enrichment, plastic oil, pyrolysis, nano particle, diesel engine, TiO₂

Abstract

This paper discusses the application of the pyrolysis oil mixed with Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles in addition to hydrogen gas as an alternative fuel in a conventional, single, direct-injection diesel engine without any modifications. The main goal is to determine the impact of this fuel mix on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with pyrolysis-derived plastic oil blends. During the experiment, a constant rate of 30 liters per minute is maintained in the flow of hydrogen in the intake manifold. The engine reaction to different concentrations of the pyrolysis oil, 10 % and 30 %, by volume are studied, and the engine noise and vibrations are monitored in the entire process to gain insight into effects of its operation. The distribution of these nanoparticles is done evenly through an ultrasonication process with a frequency of 35 kHz. The synergistic effect of hydrogen and TiO₂ nanoparticles increases the oxygen content in the fuel, resulting in a complete combustion process. In addition, TiO₂ will add to the enhanced latent heat of vaporization, which ultimately will reduce the rate of evaporation and moderate the rate of combustion. Experimental results indicate that plastic oil blends exhibit lower brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel; however, the combined addition of hydrogen and nanoparticles mitigates this drawback by enhancing combustion kinetics. Improved heat release characteristics and in-cylinder pressure were observed for optimized blends. Emission analysis revealed reductions in carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons with the hybrid approach, although a slight increase in nitrogen oxides was noted. Overall, the proposed strategy demonstrates a promising pathway for utilizing plastic waste-derived fuels in compression ignition engines.