DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v28i3.212

Keywords: Tyndall effect, Particle Size Analysis, Zeta Potential, Colloidal Nature, Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy

Abstract

In this study, the preparation and characterization of nanosilica (SiO₂), nanotitania (TiO₂), nanoalumina (Al₂O₃), and nanozirconia (ZrO₂) sols via the sol-gel methodology using acid- and base-catalyzed reactions is discussed. Various precursors, tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS), titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, and zirconium (IV) isopropoxide, were hydrolyzed and condensed in optimized conditions with suitable catalysts and solvents. The prepared nano-sol solutions were analyzed using various techniques. The nano-dimensional characteristics of the sols were confirmed through particle size analysis, with average particle sizes and zeta potential values indicating high colloidal stability. The sols verified the Tyndall effect, signifying their colloidal nature. FTIR spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of functional groups and bonding structures specific to SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles in the prepared sol solutions. Key features included Si-O-Si, Ti-O-Ti, Al-O, and Zr-O vibrations, indicative of their respective nanostructures. The successful synthesis and characterization of these stable nano-sols establish their potential for advanced applications, such as superhydrophobic coatings and other surface modifications.