DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v28i1.326

Keywords: Green Synthesis, nanoparticles, Indian installment, Echinops spinosissimus, Hemolysis, SEM

Abstract

The study investigates the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Indian costus and Echinops spinosissimus extracts, focusing on their hemolytic and oxidative effects on red blood cells (RBCs). It aims to understand how nanoparticle concentration and exposure time influence membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), providing insight into their biocompatibility and potential biomedical safety. The synthesis was optimized under standardized conditions, employing 0.02 M solutions of metal salts, 10 mL of Echinops spinosissimus seeds extract, and 6 mL of Indian installment. The optimal reaction proceeded at 70 °C for one hour with continuous stirring at neutral pH (7). The resulting nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology with sizes below 100 nm, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biological activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was evaluated through their impact on human red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative membrane damage and compared with chemically synthesized nanoparticles of 50 nm. The results revealed RBC lysis induced by both silver and gold nanoparticles, with variations in hemolytic intensity influenced by the type of metal and the plant extract employed in green synthesis.