DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v28i1.523

Keywords: Broccoli, vitamins, DESs, amino acid, ultrasonic, phytochemical

Abstract

This research investigated the extraction of bioactive compounds from broccoli utilizing three choline chloride deep eutectic solvents (DESs)—DES1 (sorbitol), DES2 (glycerol), and DES3 (thiourea)—with ultrasound-assisted extraction. DES3 provided the greatest extract amount (7.8 g/100 g). HPLC showed higher levels of vitamins A and C, while vitamins E and K were present at lower levels. Successful identification and quantification of sulforaphane and several phenolic compounds, including catechin, gallic acid, and rutin, was accomplished. The existence of essential trace elements was confirmed by XRF spectrometry, including K, Mg, Ca, and Fe. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, and glycosides. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that DES1 had the most stable structure. The findings illustrate that DESs are effective, green solvents for the extraction of a variety of bioactive compounds from broccoli, thus demonstrating the value of broccoli as a source of antioxidants and nutraceuticals.