DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v28i1.490

Keywords: Pyrazole, antimicrobial activity, Docking study, ADME

Abstract

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a series of pyrazole derivatives [H5-H8] incorporating a furan moiety, using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and elemental analysis. The initial phase involved the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with various substituted aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol at room temperature, yielding α,β-unsaturated carbonyls [H1-H4]. Subsequent treatment with hydrazine hydrate in glacial acetic acid yielded the pyrazole derivatives [H 5-H8]. The antimicrobial efficacy of the synthetic compounds was evaluated against both gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis) and two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.), whereas the antifungal activity has been examined against Candida albicans. The results revealed that most synthetic pyrazole derivatives exhibit a significant percentage of antimicrobial activity relative to the reference antibiotic ampicillin. The synthesized derivatives [H5-H8] underwent evaluation via docking of molecules, employing optimization of genetics within the docking suite for ligands, and the ADME studies showed that all compounds fulfilled the Lipinski rule to assess their antioxidant activity against the enzyme Aldehyde dehydrogenase 9A1 (ALDH9A1), a human enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of NAD+.