DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v27i4.207

Keywords: Polymer composites; natural fibers; Crotalaria pallida; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); mechanical properties

Abstract

This study focuses on developing biodegradable films using Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix and Crotalaria pallida (CP) fibers, wood, and nanocellulose as reinforcing materials. Composite films with varying proportions of CP materials (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0g) were prepared using the solution casting method. The mechanical strength of the films improved markedly, with tensile strength increasing from 1.05 to 5.8 MPa in the PVAF3 composite, while elongation at break reduced from 95% to 57%, indicating increased stiffness. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed significant shifts in the –OH and –C=O regions, confirming hydrogen bonding and improved molecular interactions. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indicated an increase in surface roughness (RMS) from 7.63 nm to 118.62 nm, suggesting enhanced fiber matrix interlocking. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated improved thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures rising from 200 °C to 300 °C. These biodegradable films have potential applications in sustainable packaging, biomedical devices, and agricultural films.