DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v27i3.472

Keywords: Paraffin; PCM; nano-MgO; thermal storage; characterization

Abstract

The increasing need for effective thermal energy storage (TES) systems has prompted the investigation of phase change materials (PCMs) with improved thermal characteristics. This study examines the effect of incorporating magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nano-MgO) into paraffin wax on its thermal storage characteristics. Nano-MgO/paraffin phase change materials were synthesized with nanoparticle loadings ranging from 0 to 2.0 wt.% and characterised by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal conductivity evaluation. The results indicated that nano-MgO substantially enhanced thermal conductivity, attaining a 113.89% improvement at a 2.0% loading compared to unmodified paraffin. FESEM validated the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles, whilst FTIR examination revealed the absence of chemical interactions, indicating physical stability. DSC measurements indicated considerable decreases in latent heat with increased concentrations of nano-MgO; nevertheless, the 1.0% composite achieved a balance between greater thermal conductivity and negligible latent heat loss. TGA exhibited enhanced thermal stability, with residual mass increasing to 0.9% at 450°C for the 2.0% composite. These findings demonstrate the exciting prospects of nano-MgO/paraffin phase change materials for solar energy systems and industrial waste heat recovery, presenting a feasible approach to enhance energy storage efficiency.