DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v25i3.97

Keywords: Coal desulfurization; potassium carbonate; ethylene glycol; Deep Eutectic Solvent; Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Combustion of coal emits sulfur dioxide gas into the atmosphere. When reacting with water vapour, this gas produces sulfuric acid, also known as acid rain, causing environmental destruction, and endangering human health. One option to address these issues is to remove the sulfur from coal before combustion. Physical and chemical pre-treatments using oxidizing or reducing agents easily remove inorganic sulfur from coal, namely pyrite and sulfate sulfur. However, organic sulfur is hard to remove unless a particular reagent is applied to break the carbon-sulfur bonds to release the sulfur from the coal matrix. This study reports the utilization of a mixture of potassium carbonate and ethylene glycol (K2CO3:EG) under sonication to extract organic sulfur from coal. The ultrasonic shockwave separates sulfur from the coal's macro-molecular structure by breaking the chemical connections that hold sulfur to coal. CCD-RSM experimental design was presented to overcome traditional methods that make finding the optimal standard difficult and time-consuming. The effects of molar ratio, temperature, and extraction time on the removal of organic sulfur in coal were investigated, and sonicating coal at 40 °C for 60 minutes with 1:16 K2CO3:EG was found to be the ideal parameter. The changes to the thiophene and organic sulfate FTIR peaks may serve as a preliminary measure of the effectiveness of K2CO3:EG in coal desulfurization. This research shows that solvent-pre-treated coal may be safe and environmentally advantageous, two goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.