DOI: https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v25i1.181

Keywords: Zirconium dioxide; titanium dioxide; hybrid nanofluid; viscosity; heat transfer; thermal conductivity

Abstract

Heat transfer techniques utilizing nanofluids have been developed. Various metallic and ceramic nanofluids with water have been thoroughly investigated for their thermal applications. The current study deals with the synthesis of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid nanofluids through a two-step process. Nanoparticle volume fractions (50% of ZrO2 and 50% of TiO2 by volume) and concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 % by weight were created for this purpose. The thermal conductivity (TC) and viscosity (VC) of hybrid nanofluids made using various volume fractions were measured at temperatures ranging from 25 to 60 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the materials produced were monoclinic ZrO2 and TiO2. Nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) with mapping and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). SEM scans revealed that the nanoparticles were irregularly shaped and strongly agglomerated.